Intro

Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that converts light energy directly into electrical energy by using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interface. It is mainly composed of solar panels (components), controllers and inverters, and the main components are composed of electronic components. After the solar cells are packaged and protected in series, a large area of solar cell modules can be formed, and then combined with the power controller and other components to form a photovoltaic power generation device.

Principle

The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When a photon shines on a metal, its energy can be fully absorbed by an electron in the metal, and the energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the coulomb force inside the metal atom and escape from the metal surface to become a photoelectron. Silicon atom has 4 outer electrons, if the pure silicon has 5 outer electrons such as phosphorus atom, it becomes N-type semiconductor; If pure silicon is mixed with atoms with three outer electrons, such as boron atoms, P-type semiconductors are formed. When the P-type and N-type are combined, the contact surface forms an electric potential difference and becomes a solar cell. When the sun shines on the P-N junction, the current flows from the P-type side to the N-type side, forming an electric current.

The photoelectric effect is an important and magical phenomenon in physics. Under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves higher than a certain frequency (the frequency is called the threshold frequency), the electrons inside some substances absorb energy and escape to form a current, that is, photoelectricity.

After casting, breaking, slicing and other procedures, polysilicon is made into silicon wafer to be processed. The P-N junction is formed by doping and diffusing trace amounts of boron and phosphorus on the silicon wafer. Then the screen printing is used, the fine silver paste is printed on the silicon chip to make a grid line, and after sintering, the back electrode is made at the same time, and the surface with a grid line is coated with a layer of anti-reflection coating, and the battery is thus made. The batteries are arranged and combined into battery components to form a large circuit board. Generally, aluminum frames are wrapped around the components, the front side is covered with glass, and the reverse side is installed with electrodes. With battery components and other auxiliary equipment, a power generation system can be formed. In order to convert direct current to alternating current, a current converter is required. After power generation, it can be stored by battery or input to the public grid. Battery components account for about 50% of the cost of the power generation system, and current converters, installation fees, other auxiliary components and other costs account for another 50%.

Application field

1, user solar power supply:

(1) Small power supply ranging from 10-100W, used in remote areas without electricity such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts and other military and civilian life electricity, such as lighting, television, radio recorders, etc.;

(2) 3-5KW household roof grid-connected power generation system;

(3) Photovoltaic water pump: solve the problem of deep water well drinking and irrigation in areas without electricity.

2. In the field of transportation, such as navigation lights, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/sign lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway/railway wireless phone booths, unattended road shift power supply, etc.

3, communication/communication field: solar unattended microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcasting/communication/paging power system; Rural carrier telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machines, soldiers GPS power supply.

4. Petroleum, Marine and meteorological fields: cathodic protection solar power supply system for oil pipelines and reservoir gates, life and emergency power supply for oil drilling platforms, ocean testing equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc.

5, home lighting power supply: such as garden lights, street lights, hand lights, camping lights, mountaineering lights, fishing lights, black light, rubber cutting lights, energy-saving lamps, etc.

6, photovoltaic power station: 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power station, wind (firewood) complementary power station, various large parking plant charging stations.

7.The combination of solar power generation and building materials makes the future of large buildings to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity, which is a major development direction in the future.

8. Other fields include: (1) Matching with cars: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, car air conditioning, ventilation fans, cold drink boxes, etc.; (2) Solar hydrogen and fuel cell regenerative power generation system; (3) Power supply of seawater desalination equipment; (4) Satellites, spacecraft, space solar power plants, etc.